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There
is no strength for fasting nor hope in the future
A person who has become so old that he hasn't the strength
to fast or he is extremely ill and doesn't have any hope of
recovery or strength to fast he is allowed not to keep fast
but he has to give grain to a poor person equivalent to the
amount stipulated for Sadqatul Fitr in lieu of every fast
not kept. Or he can feed one poor person two complete meals
for each missed fast. In Shariah this is known as Fidyah.
It is also permissible for such a person to give the value
of the grain in cash also.
Afterwards, if the old person happens to regain his strength,
or the sick one recovers from his illness, he will have to
keep qadha of all the fasts, which he had missed. And the
Fidyah which he paid, he will be rewarded for it separately.
A
person makes a bequest for fidyah at point of death
A person had to keep qada of several fasts and at the time
of death he made a bequest that fidayah be paid in place of
all his missed fasts, then his inheritor will have to pay
fidayah from his wealth. After paying for the deceased's funeral
arrangement, his debts etc. if one third of his leftover wealth
is sufficient to pay the fidyah, then it is wajib to pay this
fidyah. If one third of his wealth is not sufficient, whatever
can be paid as fidyah should be paid.
If
a person didn't make a bequest
If a person didn't make a bequest but his inheritor paid the
fidyah out of his own wealth, even then it should be hoped
that this act will be accepted by Allah Ta`ala and He will
not hold the person accountable for his missed fasts. It is
not permissible to pay the fidyah from the dceceased person's
wealth if he didn't make a bequest in this respect. Similarly,
if the fidyah exceeds one third of the leftover wealth, then
despite his making a bequest, it will not be permissible to
utilize the balance of his money without the permission and
consent of all the inheritors. If all the inheritors express
their consent and happiness, then it is permissible to pay
fidyah in both cases.
However, the consent of immature inheritors is not acceptable
in the shariah. If the mature inheritors separate their inheritance
and pay the fidyah from their share, it is permissible from
them to do so.
The
quantity of Fidyah
The quantity of fidyah according to shariah is 2.25kgs of
grain or its equivalent in cash, that should be paid to a
poor person.
To
give Fidyah or Kaffarah to a Kafir (non-Muslim) is not permissible
It is not permissilbe to give fidyah to a Harbi Kafir (A Kafir
who lives in a non-Muslim country). All the ulama are agreed
upon this. Whether giving Fidyah to a Zimmi (A Kafir who lives
in a Muslim country) is permissilbe or not, the ulama are
disagreed upon it, but its illegality is preferable.
To
give Fidyah before Ramadhan is not permissilbe
If the Fidyah was given before Ramadhan had started, it would
not be lawful. However, after the Ramadhan has started, the
Fidyah of all the rest of the days can be given collectively.
In
the Fidyah of past years, the value at the time of paying
is considered
In Fidyah what is wajib is the wheat or grain, the price of
the grain stands in its place, therefore, in every condition,
the price at the time of paying Fidyah is considered.
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